Toxicity of Commercial Neem Extract to Earthworms (Pheretima peguana)

Table 2

Number of micronuclei and binucleates in coelomocytes following a 48-h exposure of Pheretima peguana to commercial neem extract (NEEM), pure Aza, and Cd in a filter paper study.

Chemical agent	Concentration (𝜇g cm^−2)	𝑛	No. of cells with micronuclei/bionucleates per 1,000 cells
			Micronuclei	Binucleates
Negative control	0	3	0.33 ± 0.33^a	2.00 ± 0.56^a
Positive control (Cd)	0.01	3	4.67 ± 0.67^b	9.67 ± 0.88^c
Pure Aza	0.09	3	0.33 ± 0.33^a	3.00 ± 0.58^ab
NEEM	0.39	3	0.67 ± 0.33^a	4.33 ± 0.67^ab
	0.78	3	1.00 ± 0.58^a	4.33 ± 0.88^ab
	1.57	3	1.33 ± 0.33^a	5.00 ± 1.16^ab
	2.35	3	2.33 ± 0.67^a	5.67 ± 0.67^ab
	3.13	3	2.33 ± 0.67^a	6.33 ± 0.67^bc

Within a column, data (mean ± SEM) marked with the same letter are not significantly (𝑃>.05) different from each other.