Soil Health Management under Hill Agroecosystem of North East India

Table 3

Effect of agroforestry systems on soil properties.

Soil properties	Agroforestry systems
	Agrisilviculture	Agrihorti culture (khasi mandarin + crops)	Agrihorti culture (Assam lemon + crops)	Silvihorti pastoral (Alder + pine apple + fodder grass)	Multistoried AFS (Alder + tea + black pepper + crops)	Natural forest
pH	4.65	4.62	4.80	4.25	4.61	4.62
Organic C (%)	1.62	1.55	2.02	2.19	1.91	1.92
Exchangeable Ca [cmol (p^+) kg^−1]	0.40	0.86	0.74	0.31	0.65	0.26
Exchangeable Mg [cmol (p^+) kg^−1]	0.75	0.51	0.33	0.48	0.71	0.16
Exchangeable K [cmol (p^+) kg^−1]	0.232	0.244	0.249	0.238	0.201	0.169
Exchangeable Na [cmol (p^+) kg^−1]	0.201	0.220	0.194	0.195	0.197	0.196
Exchangeable Al [cmol (p^+) kg^−1]	2.65	2.70	2.20	3.15	2.05	2.20
Available N (ppm)	190.1	180.8	203.6	199.4	216.9	167.2
Available P (ppm)	2.75	4.10	5.36	0.94	3.36	0.63
Available Fe (ppm)	8.9	10.4	12.8	10.9	13.9	7.3
Available Mn (ppm)	0.58	0.92	0.79	0.83	1.04	0.04
Available Zn (ppm)	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.006	0.08	0.025
Available Cu (ppm)	0.21	0.23	0.37	0.30	0.27	0.10

Source: [18].