Review Article

Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention

Table 3

Composition of oilfield produced water.

ParameterRange MetalRange (mg/L)

Density (kg/m3)1014–1140Ca13–29,222
Conductivity (µS/cm)4200–58,600Na132–97,000
Surface tension (dyn/cm)43–78K24–4,300
Turbidity (NTU)182Mg8–6,000
pH4.3–10Fe<0.1–100
TOC (mg/L)0–1,500Al310–410
TDS 267,588B5–95
TSS (mg/L)1.2–10,623Ba1.3–650
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)8.2Cd<0.005
Total oil (mg/L)2–565Cu<0.02–1.5
Volatiles (BTEX; mg/L)0.39–35Cr0.02–1.1
TPH (mg/L)>20Li3–50
Chloride (mg/L)80–200,000Mn<0.004–175
Bicarbonate (mg/L)77–3,990Pb0.002–8.8
Sulfate (mg/L)<2–1,650Sr0.02–2,204
Sulfite (mg/L)10Ti
NH3-N (mg/L)10–300Zn<0.01–0.7
Phenol (mg/L)As0.01–35
Volatile fatty acids (mg/L)0.009–23Hg<0.005–0.3
2–4,900Ag<0.005–0.3
Be<0.001–0.15
Ni<0.001–0.004
<0.001–1.7

[4951].