Sustainable Management of Calcareous Saline-Sodic Soil in Arid Environments: The Leaching Process in the Jordan Valley
Table 1
Chemical properties of the soil before starting the leaching experiment (minimum, maximum, average, and standard error).
Soil depth (cm)
0–50 cm
50–100 cm
100–150 cm
Parameter
Min
Max
Average
Std error
Min
Max
Average
Std error
Min
Max
Average
Std error
EC (dS/m)
68
144
111
22.0
27
81
50.6
15.6
29
56
44
7.8
pH (unit)
6.9
8.2
7.3
0.4
7.1
8.2
7.6
0.3
7.2
8.3
7.6
0.3
Cl (meq/L)
614
1377
1098
222.9
230
595
403
105.4
319
542
408
64.8
SO4 (meq/L)
29
307
76
85.9
21
60
40
11.3
19
72
33.5
15.8
HCO3 (meq/L)
2.4
5.2
3.1
0.8
1.6
4.2
2.4
0.8
1.8
5
2.4
1.0
Na (meq/L)
330
670
480
98.4
144
320
240
50.9
108
253
209
42.9
K (meq/L)
17
42
32
7.3
10
20
13
3.0
8
1314
11
1.6
Ca (meq/L)
125
240
175
33.3
39
116
74.5
22.3
55
88
67
9.7
Mg (meq/L)
208
476
333
77.4
82
277
144
57.5
68
210
141.6
41.0
CaCO3 (%)
37
47.6
40
3.2
35
46
40.7
3.2
35
45
38.6
2.9
CEC (meq/100 g)
14.6
18.8
17.5
1.2
10
15.7
13.1
1.6
10
14.7
11.3
1.4
Exch. Na (meq/100 g)
6.8
8.2
7.5
0.4
2.
6.4
4.1
1.3
2.6
5.6
3.8
0.9
Exch. K (meq/100 g)
2.8
3.8
3.0
0.3
2.5
3.0
2.7
0.1
1.2
3
1.8
0.5
Exch. Ca + Mg (meq/100 g)
5.0
6.8
6.7
0.6
5.5
6.3
6.3
0.3
6.0
6.1
5.7
0.1
ESP (%)
39
97
42.9
17.1
17
45
31
8.1
27
55
33
8.6
Organic matter (%)
1.1
2.4
1.8
0.4
1.0
3.0
1.8
0.6
0.7
2.1
1.1
0.4
Gypsum conc. (%)
1.5
6.2
4.1
1.4
1.8
4.5
2.8
0.8
1.7
5.0
3.3
1.0
Saturation percentage (%)
57
76
62
5.7
63
79
72
4.6
58
80
68
6.4
Number of samples: 10 samples were taken from each depth (0–50, 50–100, and 100–150 cm) and homogenized to represent each treatment in each replicate, in total 30 samples. Std error: standard error.
