Silver Ecotoxicity Estimation by the Soil State Biological Indicators

Table 3

The scheme of environmental regulation of silver pollution of soils of Southern Russia by the degree of violation of ecosystem (biogeocenotic) functions.

Soils	Not polluted	Slightly polluted	Medium polluted	Highly polluted
Degree of soil IIBS reduction^1	<5%	5–10%	10–25%	>25%
Violated ecosystem functions^2	—	Information	Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical; holistic	Physics
Soils	The silver content in the soil, mg/kg
Ordinary chernozem	<0.5	1.5–4.4	4.4–106	>106
Sierosands	<0.3	0.5–0.9	0.9–8	>8
Brown forest soil	<0.3	0.4–0.8	0.8–6	>6
Soil remediation methods	Not required	Phytoremediation, flushing	Chemical reclamation: the application of organic substances, ion exchange resins, phosphate fertilizers, lime, zeolites, etc.	Removing contaminated soil and replacing it with a new environmentally and agriculturally sound soil

¹Determination of IIBS of soils according to Kolesnikov et al. [52]. ²Classification of ecosystem functions of soil by Dobrovolsky and Nikitin [65].