Effects of Organic Soil Amendments on Photosynthetic Traits of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in an Alluvial Soil

Table 5

Organic amendments on soil potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium of a mature vines farm for two years of observation.

Property	Value obtained
	FNPK	FPJ	FPJBC	FFJ	FFJBC	FNPK	FPJ	FPJBC	FFJ	FFJBC
	--------------------------2017---------------------------					-------------------------2018--------------------------
pH	4.83 ± 0.18^b	4.73 ± 0.40^b	4.78 ± 0.31^b	5.04 ± 0.40^ab	5.19 ± 0.40^a	4.17 ± 0.18^c’	4.97 ± 0.29^b’	5.33 ± 0.20^a’	5.06 ± 0.20^b’	5.17 ± 0.12^ab’
Exch. K (cmol (+)/kg)	6.74 ± 0.61^a	5.05 ± 1.08^b	4.61 ± 1.09^b	4.69 ± 0.69^b	5.06 ± 1.23^b	6.15 ± 0.44^a’	5.28 ± 0.46^c’	5.81 ± 0.35^ab’	5.05 ± 0.19^c’	5.72 ± 0.24^b’
Exch. Ca (cmol (+)/kg)	0.60 ± 0.14^b	0.47 ± 0.12^c	0.79 ± 0.07^a	0.50 ± 0.10^bc	0.73 ± 0.10^a	0.57 ± 0.09^b’	0.49 ± 0.04^c’	0.81 ± 0.04^a’	0.51 ± 0.06^c’	0.83 ± 0.04^a’
Exch. Na (cmol (+)/kg)	0.94 ± 0.11^a	0.45 ± 0.12^b	0.56 ± 0.09^b	0.48 ± 0.09^b	0.49 ± 0.17^b	0.92 ± 0.03^a’	0.46 ± 0.04^c’	0.48 ± 0.03^c’	0.52 ± 0.02^b’	0.53 ± 0.03^b’
Exch. Mg (cmol (+)/kg)	12.63 ± 1.53^a	6.98 ± 0.39^b	6.96 ± 0.73^b	6.42 ± 0.67^b	6.94 ± 0.12^b	9.05 ± 0.81^a’	5.24 ± 0.75^d’	5.63 ± 0.35^cd’	6.04 ± 0.35^c’	6.69 ± 0.54^b’

Note. Treatments are FNPK–compound fertilizer control, FPJ–Fermented Plant Juice, FPJBC–Fermented Plant Juice incorporated with biochar and compost, FFJ–Fermented Fruit Juice, and FFJBC–Fermented Fruit Juice incorporated with biochar and compost (mean + SE, n = 15). Note. Means with the same letter superscript within rows are not statistically different using Tukey’s at probability level. Letters without prime represent year 2017 and single prime superscript represents year 2018.