Outcome Measures for Dementia in the Advanced Stage and at the End of Life

Table 2

Discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer type (DS-DAT).

Items
Noisy breathing
Negative vocalization
Content facial expression*
Sad facial expression
Frightened facial expression
Frown facial expression
Relaxed body language*
Tense body language
Fidgeting body language

*reverse coded for calculation of total score.
For scoring see Hurley et al., 1992 [24].