Current Genetic Epidemiology of 𝛽-Thalassemias and Structural Hemoglobin Variants in the Lazio Region (Central Italy) Following Recent Migration Movements

Table 1

Frequency distribution of 𝛽 alleles (β thal and Hb variants) in 191 heterozygous immigrants.

Molecular defects	Frequency  (𝑛:191)		Europe (𝑛:77)  40.31%	Africa (𝑛:58) 30.37%	Asian countries (𝑛:42) 21.99%	Middle Eastern countries (𝑛:7) 3.66%	South Central America (𝑛:7) 3.66
	𝑛	%
Hb S	41	21.47	4	36			1
IVS-I-110 (G→A)	30	15.71	27	3
Hb E	17	8.90			17
Cod 39 (CAG→TAG)	17	8.90	17
IVS-I-5 (G→A, G→C)	16	8.38			14	2
IVS-I-6 (T→C)	11	5.76	8	1		2
Hb C	8	4.19		6			2
IVS-I-1 (G→A)	7	3.66	5	1			1
Cod 82-83 (-G)	3	1.57	3
Hb Knossos	3	1.57		3
Hb Lepore	3	1.57	2		1
IVS-II-848(C→A)	3	1.57	1	2
Cod 41-42(-TTCT)	2	1.05			2
Cod 51 (-C)	2	1.05	2
Deletional  mutations	8	4.19	1	2	4		1
Other abnormal Hbs	9	4.71	3	2	3	1
Other rare mutations	11	5.76	4	2	1	2	2