Advances in Human-Computer Interaction

Research Article

On Compiler Error Messages: What They Say and What They Mean

Table 5

Which principles are violated by which compilers for error message 1.
Compiler
Principleg++ MinGW MVC++ BC++
Clarity & Brevityblackblackblackblack
Specificity
Localityblackblackblackblack
Proper phrasing:
 Positive toneblackblackblack
 Constructive guidanceblackblackblackblack
 Programmer languagehalf-blackhalf-blackhalf-black