Effects of a Social Robot's Autonomy and Group Orientation on Human Decision-Making

Table 4

Subjective items of the measurements.

Construct	Item wording	Source
Trust; (Dependent variable)	(1) I believe advice from the robot even when I don't know for certain that it is correct.; (2) When I am uncertain about a decision I believe the robot rather than myself.; (3) If I am not sure about a decision, I have faith that the robot will provide the best solution.; (4) When the robot gives unusual advice I am confident that the advice is correct.	[36]
Credibility; (Dependent variable)	(1) Well-intentioned—bad-intentioned; (2) Trustworthy—untrustworthy; (3) Honest—dishonest; (4) Powerful—powerless; (5) Experienced—inexperienced; (6) Competent—incompetent; (7) Unbiased—biased; (8) Intelligent—unintelligent; (9) Good—bad; (10) Knowledgeable—unknowledgeable; (11) Capable—incapable; (12) Truthful—untruthful	[25]
Workload; (Dependent variable)	Please put a mark on the scale at the point which best corresponds to how you rate your overall workload: (1) Mental demand: How much mental and perceptual activity was required? Was the task easy or demanding, simple or complex?; (2) Physical demand: How much physical activity was required? Was the task easy or demanding, slack or strenuous?; (3) Temporal demand: How much time pressure did you feel due to the pace at which the tasks or task elements occurred? Was the pace slow or rapid?; (4) Frustration level: How irritated, stresses, and annoyed versus content, relaxed, and complacent did you feel during the task?; (5) Effort: How hard did you have to work (mentally and physically) to accomplish your level of performance?	[37] (Chinese version)
NARS; (Covariate)	(1) (S2) Something bad might happen if robots developed into living beings.; (2) (S2) I feel that in the future society will be dominated by robots.; (3) (S1) I would feel uneasy if I was given a job where I had to use robots.; (4) (S2) I would feel uneasy if robots really had emotions.; (5) (S3) I would feel relaxed talking with robots*.; (6) (S1) I would hate the idea that robots or artificial intelligences were making judgments about things.; (7) (S1) I would feel very nervous just standing in front of a robot.; (8) (S2) I feel that if I depend on robots too much, something bad might happen.; (9) (S3) If robots had emotions, I would be able to make friends with them*.	[38]
Self-representation; (Covariate)	(1) (GS) In general, belonging to social groups is an important part of my self-image.; (2) (IR) I enjoy being unique and different from others in many ways.; (3) (IR) I often do “my own thing”.; (4) (GS) The social groups I belong to are an important reflection of who I am.; (5) (GS) Overall, my group memberships have very little to do with how I feel about myself*.; (6) (GS) The social groups I belong to are unimportant to my sense of what kind of a person I am*.; (7) (IR) I am a unique individual.	[39]

∗Reversed items.