Review Article
Controlling Assistive Machines in Paralysis Using Brain Waves and Other Biosignals
Table 1
Categories of brain-computer and brain-machine interfaces.
|
Based on: recording site of brain signals |
| Brain signal used | Recording technique | Invasive | | Single spike | Single cell recordings | Multiunit activity | Multiunit arrays (MUA) | Local field potentials (LFP) | Electrocorticogram (ECoG) | Noninvasive | | Electric brain potentials | Electroencephalography (EEG) | Neuromagnetic fields | Magnetoencephalography (MEG) | BOLD | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | Oxy/deoxyhemoglobin | Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) |
| Based on: mode of operation | |
| Active | Asynchronous control | | Synchronous control | Reactive | N.A. | Passive | N.A. |
| Based on: purpose | |
| Assistive/biomimetic | Restorative/biofeedback |
| Used for restoration of | Tested in the treatment of | Communication | Stroke | Paralysis | Chronic pain | | Tinnitus | | Dementia | | Depression | | Schizophrenia |
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