Development and Preliminary Investigation of a Semiautonomous Socially Assistive Robot (SAR) Designed to Elicit Communication, Motor Skills, Emotion, and Visual Regard (Engagement) from Young Children with Complex Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Comparative Trial
Table 3
Definitions of coded behaviors and actions for child and SAR.
Behaviors and Actions
Definition
Behaviors Incorporated From Every Move Counts
Visual Regard
Child looks at the toy/SAR
Visual Contact (with Object); Visually Tracks
Vocalization(+)
Child makes any vocalization that cannot be interpreted as an emotion (i.e., crying, laughing)
Vocalizes; Verbalizes
Vocalization(-)
Child is able to verbalize and give a “Negative” vocalization to the toy/SAR (i.e., “No,” “Stop”)
Reach
Child reaches towards the toy/SAR
Unilateral Reach with Contact; Bilateral Reach with Contact; Unilateral Reach; Bilateral Reach
Push
Child pushes the toy/SAR away
Grasp
Child grasps towards the toy/SAR or physically grasps the object
Hand Opening; Unilateral Grasp; Bilateral Grasp
Emotion(+)
Child elicits a Positive Emotion to the toy/SAR, not a clinician, parent, or other individual in the room
Laugh; Smile
Emotion(-)
Child elicits a Negative Emotion to the toy/SAR, not a clinician, parent, or other individual in the room
Cry; Frown
Noise
Toy/SAR makes any noise
Movement (+)
Toy exhibits any movement/SAR moves towards the child
