|
| Author(s) | Aim and methodology | Content gratifications | Process gratifications | Social gratifications |
|
| 1st screen (cinema/movies) |
| Henkel et al. [45] | Movie consumption habits of young adults, legal and illegal film consumption | Illegal:
Free content
Fast accessibility to films via the Internet | Legal:
Affective (pleasure seeking) needs,
personal integrative (credibility/status seeking) needs,
tension release (escape seeking) needs | Social integrative (participatory through social networking sites) needs |
|
| 2nd screen (traditional broadcast television) |
| Balci and Ayhan [46] | Motivations and habits of watching public TV survey with 583 people | Information seeking entertainment | Relaxation, pastime, escape from social interaction | Companionship |
| Palmgreen and Rayburn [47] | Uses and gratifications and exposure to public TV | Information entertainment | Relaxation, to forget, passing time | Communicatory utility companionship |
| Rubin [48] | Uses and gratifications to public TV secondary data analysis | Information entertainment | Passing time, consumption/habit | Companionship |
|
| 3rd screen (computer displays connected to the Internet/contemporary digital TV) |
| Lin et al. [49] | Motivations for social TV participation online survey | Social infotainment | | Social companionship |
| Shade et al. [50] | Uses and gratifications and media migration for paid network TV survey method | Enlightenment entertainment | Escape | Content-congruent exposure |
| Whiting and Williams [51] | Uses and gratifications for using social media, 25 in-depth interviews | Information seeking, entertainment, surveillance/knowledge about others | Passing time, relaxation, communicatory utility, convenience utility | Social interaction, expression of opinion, information sharing |
|
| 4th screen (mobile devices) |
| Kang [52] | Factors influencing intention of mobile app use on smartphones and tablet computers, 788 respondents to an online survey | Information entertainment | Communication seeking and sharing | Social utility |
| Ha et al. [53] | Identify gratifications driving mobile SNSs use, 311 SNSs users | Cognitive and hedonic gratification | Mobile convenience | Social interactive gratification |
|
| 5th screen (digital networked screens) |
| Adetunji et al. [54] | Determinants of audience gratification towards digital-billboard advertising | Informativeness | Digitalisation, irritation, location | NA |
|
