Analysis of <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-4.526799pt" id="M1" height="18.7785pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0657574 -14.2517 93.8695 18.7785" width="93.8695pt"><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,0,0)"><path id="g113-140" d="M671 0V28C608 36 593 47 562 130C495 309 432 486 368 665L336 656C270 481 202 311 134 139C98 47 84 39 20 28V0H241V28C167 38 156 47 178 115C217 236 276 383 327 530H329C375 398 437 223 484 92C499 47 489 37 424 28V0H671Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,14.26,4.134)"><path id="g50-99" d="M460 334C460 396 434 451 378 451C330 451 241 408 148 300H146L237 679C241 697 241 710 232 710C213 710 153 684 67 675L66 646H95C141 646 145 642 134 595L39 170C23 97 31 54 46 33C64 8 100 -12 137 -12C178 -12 234 3 298 43C391 101 460 222 460 334ZM371 320C371 204 316 89 248 51C230 41 208 37 192 37C143 37 102 72 119 166C124 194 129 215 135 235C202 323 298 392 335 392C353 392 371 372 371 320Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,25.475,0)"><path id="g117-148" d="M901 255C861 290 790 361 716 442L694 427L796 280H69V230H796L694 83L716 68C790 149 861 220 901 255Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,46.64,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-140"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,58.402,0)"><path id="g113-234" d="M538 96L524 119C492 88 454 63 446 63C439 63 434 70 440 101C463 223 491 341 518 448H508L433 422L401 276C355 192 240 56 188 56C163 56 154 89 163 133C184 233 207 338 235 443L230 448L152 424L58 17C40 -60 23 -143 23 -185C23 -241 42 -261 63 -261C92 -261 117 -241 125 -227L124 -221C109 -209 89 -165 89 -103C89 -55 96 -13 105 26H107C121 -3 134 -12 151 -12C172 -12 194 -5 221 16C279 61 330 124 384 194H386C381 159 377 141 368 105C343 3 363 -12 383 -12C416 -12 486 35 538 96Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,67.927,-7.578)"><path id="g54-36" d="M556 236V289H337V504H275V289H56V236H275V-4H337V236H556Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-0.017,75.951,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-234"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-0.012,85.477,-7.578)"><path id="g54-33" d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"/></g></svg> Decay in Scalar Leptoquark Model

Wang, Shuai-Wei; Yang, Ya-Dong

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5796131

Advances in High Energy Physics

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Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2016 | Article ID 5796131 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5796131

Analysis of Decay in Scalar Leptoquark Model

Shuai-Wei Wang^1,2and Ya-Dong Yang¹

Academic Editor: Enrico Lunghi

Received20 Apr 2016

Revised27 Jun 2016

Accepted10 Jul 2016

Published18 Aug 2016

Abstract

We analyze the baryonic semilepton decay in the scalar leptoquark models with and states, respectively. We also discuss the effects of these two NP models on some physical observables. For some measured observables, like the differential decay width, the longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system, the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry, and the baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry, we find that the prediction values of SM are consistent with the current data in most ranges, where the prediction values of these two NP models can also keep consistent with the current data with . However, in some ranges, the prediction values of SM are difficult to meet the current data, but the contributions of these two NP models can meet them or keep close to them. For the double-lepton polarization asymmetries, , , , and are sensitive to the scalar leptoquark model but not to . However, , , , and are not sensitive to these two NP models.

1. Introduction

The current data have hinted at several anomalies in decays induced by the flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) processes , which have been recognized as very important probes of the Standard Model (SM) and new physics (NP). For the baryonic semilepton decays, experimentally, decay has been observed by the CDF collaboration [1] and measured by the LHCb collaboration at CERN [2]. Theoretically, studies on the decay have been investigated in the SM and beyond the SM [3–16]. Their results showed that some observables of these processes are sensitive to the contributions of NP.

The leptoquark models have many kinds of states, not only vector ones, but also scalar ones. In regard to different decay processes, the different leptoquark states may produce different effects. For processes, model independent constrains on leptoquarks are obtained in [17], where scalar leptoquark states with and have visible effects on the processes of B meson decays. For decay, their quark level transitions are also ; therefore, in this paper, we try to examine the effects of scalar leptoquark models on some observables of decay, such as the differential decay width, the longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system, the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry, and the baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry and double-lepton polarization asymmetries.

The outline of this paper is as follows. In the next section we present the SM theoretical framework for transitions. In Section 3, we introduce the employed scalar leptoquark models; the transition form factors are given in Section 4. In Section 5, we present the physical observables and numerical analyses. Finally, we will have a concluding section.

2. Transitions

At quark level, the rare decay is governed by the transition; its effective Hamiltonian in the SM can be written aswhere is the Fermi constant, is the fine-structure constant, and denote the CKM matrix elements.

Following [18], the effective Wilson coefficients in the high region are given bywhere the explicit expressions of these functions , , , and can be found in [19–21]. However, in the low region, nonfactorizable hadronic effects are expected to have the sizeable corrections; these have not been calculated for the baryonic decay [21, 22]. According to [18], we use the effective Wilson coefficients and in (2) both in the low region and in the high region by increasing the uncertainty.

3. Scalar Leptoquark Models

Here we consider two kinds of the minimal renormalizable scalar leptoquark models [17], containing one single additional representation of where baryon number violation cannot be allowed in perturbation theory. There are only two such models which are represented as and under the gauge group.

The interaction Lagrangian for the scalar leptoquark couplings to the fermion bilinear can be written aswhere are the generation indices, the couplings are in general complex parameters, is the right-hand up-type quark (charged lepton) singlet, is the scalar leptoquark doublet, is a matrix, and is the left-hand quark (lepton) doublet.

After performing Fierz transformation, the contribution to the interaction Hamiltonian for iswhich can be written in the style of the SM effective Hamiltonian asThen we obtain the new Wilson coefficients

The interaction Lagrangian for the scalar leptoquark couplings to the fermion bilinear can be written as

After performing Fierz transformation, the contribution to the interaction Hamiltonian for the iswhere and are six-dimensional operators obtained from and by the replacement . Writing in the style of the SM effective Hamiltonian, we obtain the new Wilson coefficients:

In [23], comparing the bounds on NP coupling parameters obtained from , , and mixing, respectively, the authors obtain the following results:where the bounds will be used in the process of our calculations.

4. Transition Form Factors

For decay, these form factors have been calculated in the framework of QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSR) in the low region [22] and lattice QCD in the high region [18], respectively. All of them use the helicity-based definition of the form factors [24]:where and . The fit functions of helicity-based form factors can be found in equations (133)–(135) of [22] and equation (49) of [18].

5. Physical Observables and Numerical Analyses

5.1. Some Measured Observables

According to [25], the polarization at the LHC has been measured to be small and compatible with zero, and polarization effects will average out for the symmetric ATLAS and CMS detectors, so we consider the initial baryon as unpolarized. The fourfold differential rate of the can be written as [26]where the angles and denote the polar directions of and , respectively. is the azimuthal angle between the and decay planes, and the explicit expressions of the coefficients can be found in [26].(a)The differential decay width is (b)The longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system is (c)The lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry is(d)The baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry is

In the process of numerical analyses, we consider the theoretical uncertainties of all input parameters. For the form factors, we use the results of QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSR) in the low region [22] and lattice QCD in the high region [18]. Comparing to the current data which have been measured by LHCb collaboration [27], we plot the dependence of four observables mentioned above on the full physical region except the intermediate region of in Figure 1.

From Figure 1, we obtain the following results:(i)For the differential decay width , its prediction values of SM are consistent with the current data in the ranges of and . When we consider the effects of these two NP models, the theoretical predictions are still consistent with the experimental results with in these ranges. However, in the remaining ranges, its prediction values of SM and these two NP models are difficult to meet the current data. But in the large region, the prediction values of the scalar leptoquark are more closer to the current data.(ii)For the longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system, its prediction values of SM and these two NP models are consistent with the current data both in the low region and in the high region, respectively. In the low region, the prediction value of the scalar leptoquark enhances that of SM, but the opposite result happens in the scalar leptoquark . There are not obvious difference results between the SM and these two NP models in the high region.(iii)For the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry , in the range of , its prediction value of SM is consistent with the current data with , but the result of the scalar leptoquark is more closer to the central value of the current data than that of SM. In the high region, its prediction value of SM is lower than the current data. But the result of the scalar leptoquark can meet the current data in the range of .(iv)For the baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry , except in the range of , the current data in the remaining ranges can be met both in the SM and in these two NP models, respectively. When we consider the NP effects, this observable shows strong dependence on the scalar leptoquark . However, there are not obvious difference results between the SM and scalar leptoquark .

5.2. Double-Lepton Polarization Asymmetries

The definition of the double-lepton polarization asymmetry can be written aswhere is the orthogonal unit vector in the rest frame of the leptons; its explicit explanation and nine double-lepton polarization asymmetries are presented in [28].

In [28], the form factors are defined as follows:where and are spinors of and baryons, respectively.

The form factors and in (18) are related to the helicity form factors , , , and in (11) as follows:

The amplitude for decay can be written in terms of twelve form factors in (18), and we find that whereBecause the vector and axial vector currents are not renormalized, we neglect the anomalous dimensions of coefficients and [29].

We also plot the dependence of the double-lepton polarization asymmetries on the full physical region except the intermediate region of in Figure 2 and find the following:(i)Double-lepton polarization asymmetries , , , and of this decay process are sensitive to the contribution of the scalar leptoquark but not to that of the scalar leptoquark .(ii)For double-lepton polarization asymmetry of decay, the contribution of the scalar leptoquark can enhance its maximum value of SM prediction from 0.48 to 0.65 in the low region. For this decay process, these effects of these two NP models on which is not presented in this paper are similar to , respectively.(iii)For double-lepton polarization asymmetry of decay, when we consider the contribution of the scalar leptoquark , its value of SM prediction can be enhanced quite a lot both in the low region and in the high region. For this decay process, the contribution of the scalar leptoquark to is similar to , respectively.(iv)For double-lepton polarization asymmetries , , , and , their values of SM prediction are almost zero, and the effects of these two NP models are not significant on them.

6. Conclusions

We calculate the differential decay width, the longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system, the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry, and the baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry and double-lepton polarization asymmetries of decay in the scalar leptoquark model and , respectively. Using the constrained parameter spaces from and decays, we depict the correlative figures between these observables and the momentum transfer , respectively. We find, for the differential decay width, the longitudinal polarization of the dilepton system, the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry, and the baryon-side forward-backward asymmetry, which have been measured by LHCb collaboration; most of their current data can be met both in the SM and in these two NP models. However, some of their current data still cannot be met in the SM. When we consider the effects of these two NP models, like the lepton-side forward-backward asymmetry in the range of , its current data with can be met. For the double-lepton polarization asymmetries, , , , and show strong dependence on the scalar leptoquark model but not on , respectively. However, the prediction values of , , , and in the SM are almost zero, and they also show weak dependence on these two NP models.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Contracts nos. 11225523 and U1332103.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2016 Shuai-Wei Wang and Ya-Dong Yang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The publication of this article was funded by SCOAP³.

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