Review Article

Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases: Focus on Human Studies

Figure 1

This figure depicts a model following the “Completed Self” paradigm [91] in which the immune system and infant microbiome need to comature without interference or disruption to reduce later-life health risks. The categories of environmental risk factors reported to cause prenatal and/or postnatal disruption are illustrated.
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