Dietary Energy Density, Renal Function, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 3

Mean of renal function variables reported by tertiles of dietary energy density among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Variables	⁢Tertiles of dietary energy density
	T1; (≤0.7 kcal/g); ()	T2; (0.8–0.9 kcal/g); ()	T3; (>0.9 kcal/g); ()
BUN (mg/dL)
Crude				0.45
Model 1				0.42
Model 2				0.42
Model 3				0.42
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Crude				0.20
Model 1				0.38
Model 2				0.38
Model 3				0.40

BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
Mean ± SD.
Calculated by multivariate analysis of variance (in crude model) and multivariate analysis of covariance (in adjusted model).
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, and socioeconomic status.
Model 2: model 1 + systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Model 3: model 2 + weight, height, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and animal protein intake per body weight.