Research Article
Arctic Climate Variability and Trends from Satellite Observations
Table 1
Symbols and physical meanings of the 18 retrieved climate parameters.
| PID name | Physical meaning |
| | Surface temperature (°C or K). | | Broadband albedo (range: []). | Re | Cloud droplet effective radius (μm). | | Cloud optical depth (unitless). | | Cloud particle phase (0 = liquid, 100 = ice). | | Cloud top temperature (°C or K). | | Cloud top pressure (hPa). | PW | Precipitable water (cm). | SW | Downwelling shortwave radiation at the surface (W/m2). | LW | Downwelling longwave radiation at the surface (W/m2). | SW | Upwelling shortwave radiation at the surface (W/m2). | LW | Upwelling longwave radiation at the surface (W/m2). | SW | Downwelling shortwave radiation at the TOA (W/m2). | SW | Upwelling shortwave radiation at the TOA (W/m2). | LW | Upwelling longwave radiation at the TOA (W/m2). | | Shortwave cloud forcing at the surface (W/m2). | | Longwave cloud forcing at the surface (W/m2). | | Cloud fraction (0–100, unitless). |
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