Changes in the Austral Winter Hadley Circulation and the Impact on Stationary Rossby Waves Propagation

Figure 5

Stationary wave geopotential height (m) in JJA for: (a) anomaly for weak HC cases at 200 hPa with Takaya and Nakamura [29] wave activity flux vectors (unit: m²s⁻²), (b) anomaly for weak HC cases at 500 hPa, (c) anomaly for strong HC cases at 200 hPa with Takaya and Nakamura [29] wave activity flux vectors (unit: m²s⁻²), and (d) anomaly for strong HC cases at 500 hPa. The contour interval is 3 m and the statistically significant values at the 90%, 95%, and 99% levels according to a two-tailed Student’s 𝑡-test are shaded in grey scale (see vertical bar).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)