Critical Studies on Integrating Land-Use Induced Effects on Climate Regulation Services into Impact Assessment for Human Well-Being

Table 1

Direct drivers of changes in climate regulation and their corresponding effects, adapted from [18].

Category of drivers	Change of drivers	Effect on climate regulation services
Habitat change: land and sea use	Productive area: expansion, conversion, and abandonment (agriculture, forestry)	Affects carbon sinks and existing stores, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, albedo and evapotranspiration, shade, and shelter
	Mineral and aggregate extraction (peat)	Affects soil carbon stores, GHG emissions
	Urbanization and artificial sealed surfaces	Affects soil carbon stores, albedo, shade, shelter, local temperatures, and humidity
Pollution and nutrient enrichment	Pollution emissions and deposition; Nutrient and chemical inputs	Affects aerosol sources (soot); Affects GHG emissions
Harvest levels/resource consumption	Livestock stocking rates	Affects GHG emissions
Climate variability and change	Temperature and precipitation	Affects existing carbon stores, evapotranspiration
	CO2 and ocean acidification	Affects existing carbon stores, GHG emissions, and aerosol sources
	Sea-level change	Affects existing carbon stores