New Role of Thermal Mapping in Winter Maintenance with Principal Components Analysis

Table 3

Route based validation statistics for the entire UK route.

	Bias	Standard deviation	RMSE	Pm	Prm	Nb. forecast points
ENTICE	−1.06	0.86	1.48	46.94	79.56	2261
PCA	0.003	0.61	0.61	84.02	71.04	2289

Bias , with and , respectively, modeled and measured road surface temperature at the th point of the itinerary, Pm is the percentage of modeled RST within ±1°C of actual values, and Prm is the percentage of residual modeled RST within ±1°C of residual actual values.