Research Article
The Impact of Nonlocal Ammonia on Submicron Particulate Matter and Visibility Degradation in Urban Shanghai
Table 2
Start and end time, visibility, RH, and average concentrations of aerosol and gas species during the haze, foggy, and clear weather periods.
| | Start and end time | Vis. | RH | Aerosol species (μg/m3) | PM1 | Gas species (μg/m3) | |
(km.) | (%) | | | | NH3 | SO2 | HNO3 |
| | (1) 3/12 12.00–3/12 21.00 | 8.4 | 64 | 6.4 | 9.7 | 8.4 | 48.6 | 2.5 | 20.0 | 0.7 | | (2) 7/12 22.00–9/12 01.00 | 7.6 | 56 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 19.3 | 93.2 | 5.1 | 47.4 | 2.0 | | (3) 14/12 12.00–15/12 00.00 | 6.4 | 76 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 65.0 | 11.8 | 18.9 | 0.9 | | (4) 16/12 15.00–17/12 07.00 | 6.6 | 83 | 4.9 | 8.5 | 4.8 | 31.4 | 9.5 | 2.9 | 0.4 | | (5) 21/12 09.00–21/12 18.00 | 5.4 | 87 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 44.7 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 0.5 | | (6) 22/12 09.00–22/12 14.00 | 7.1 | 74 | 7.9 | 12.6 | 10.6 | 54.3 | 3.2 | 15.9 | 0.7 | | (7) 23/12 07.00–23/12 16.00 | 9.2 | 57 | 9.3 | 12.6 | 14.9 | 65.7 | 1.1 | 60.5 | 2.0 | | (8) 29/12 23.00–30/12 06.00 | 6.7 | 81 | 5.5 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 48.0 | 1.7 | 8.9 | 0.8 | | Ave. “haze periods” (94 hours) | 7.2 | 70 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 62.1 | 5.4 | 26.9 | 1.4 | | Ave. “foggy” periods (40 hours) | 5.4 | 94 | 2.9 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 24.2 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 0.4 | | Ave. “clear” periods (483 hours) | 25.6 | 59 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 30.7 | 3.3 | 23.1 | 0.9 |
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