Review Article

Airmass Trajectories and Long Range Transport of Pollutants: Review of Wet Deposition Scenario in South Asia

Table 2

Summary of trajectory studies reported in South Asia.

LocationCountry/regionLatitude and longitudeTrajectory model usedComponents measuredReferences

Arabian SeaArabian Sea9.0°N to 22°N
58°E to 77.3°E
CGER METEX programmeMajor ions (PM10 aerosols)[52]
INDOEXArabian Sea and Indian OceanMultiple pointsWind data (NCEP)AOD[61]
Dhaka (AECD)Bangladesh23.73°N, 90.40°EHYSPLIT BC, aerosol[38]
SathkhiraBangladesh22.18′N 89.02′EHYSPLITSOx, NOx[39]
DhakaBangladesh23.73°N, 90.40°EHYSPLITSOx, NOx, CO, NMVOC, and PM[62]
Bay of BengalBay of Bengal20.5°N to 5.6°N,
80.4°E to 93.4°E
CGER METEX programmeMajor ions (PM10 aerosols)[52]
Navi MumbaiIndia19.07°N, 72.97°EHYSPLIT BC, aerosol[38]
Hudegade, Western GhatsIndia14.36°N, 74.54°EHYSPLIT Major ions (rain)[55]
SinhagadIndia18°21′N, 73°45′EHYSPLITMajor ions (cloud water)[41]
SinhagadIndia18°21′N, 73°45′EHYSPLIT Major ions (rain water)[40]
SinhagadIndia18°21′N-73°45′EMcGrath (1989) model with ECMWFpH and major ions (rain water)[63]
PuneIndia18°32′N-73°51′E McGrath (1989) model with ECMWFpH and major ions (rain water)[63]
GoaIndia15°45′N- 73°85′EMcGrath (1989) model with ECMWFpH and major ions (rain water)[63]
BhubaneshwarIndia20°15′N-85°52′EMcGrath (1989) model with ECMWFpH and major ions (rain water)[63]
ManaliIndia32.31°N, 77.20°EHYSPLIT pH and major ions (snowfall)[64]
AnantpurIndia14.62°N, 77.65°EHYSPLIT O3[37]
INDOEX Indian Ocean30°N to ~35°S, 40°E to ~100°E)No (wind data from NCEP/NCAR)AOD[65]
INDOEXIndian OceanMultiple pointsNoAOD[66]
INDOEXIndian OceanMultiple pointsMcGrath model with ECMWF pH and major ions (rain water)[54]
INDOEXIndian Ocean20°S to 17.2°N and 57.5°E to 77°EHYSPLIT (hybrid approach)BC, sulphate (aerosol)[67]
MCOHMaldives 6°46′N and 73°11′EHYSPLIT pH and major ions (rain water)[68]
NilorePakistan33.37°N, 73.06°EHYSPLIT BC, aerosol[38]
Multiple sitesPakistanMultiple pointsHYSPLIT AOD[69]
ColomboSri Lanka6.933°N, 79.833°EHYSPLIT BC, aerosol[38]
DelhiIndia28.38°N, 77.12°EHYSPITRain chemistry[70]
New DelhiIndia28.6°N, 77.2°EHYSPLIT AOD[71]