Advances in Meteorology

Research Article

Dynamical Downscaling of Climate Change Impacts on Wind Energy Resources in the Contiguous United States by Using a Limited-Area Model with Scale-Selective Data Assimilation

Table 2

Annual mean wind speed comparison of SSDA downscaled CCSM3 data, CCSM3 raw data, and NARR data to station observations for current climate (1990–1999). Also, the standard error (SE) is shown for the observations, CCSM3, SSDA, and NARR data sets for all 30 stations as well as the 15 selected stations with wind speeds >6 m s⁻¹. Mean absolute error (MAE) for average annual wind speed for current climate (1990–1999) between raw CCSM3 data, SSDA data, and NARR data all compared to the station data. Also, the MAE for average annual wind speed greater than 6 m s⁻¹ is calculated.


Station name and statistics	State	ID number	Lat.	Lon.	OBS	CCSM3	SSDA	NARR

Frying Pan Shoals	NC	994040	33.483	−77.583	7.76	5.95	7.91	6.60
Cape Lookout	NC	994160	34.617	−76.517	5.86	5.88	7.21	6.31
Raleigh/Ral-Durham	NC	723060	35.892	−78.782	3.08	4.10	4.12	3.71
Env. Buoy 45008	—	992220	44.3	−82.4	4.99	5.57	7.17	5.33
Stannard Rock	MI	994200	47.183	−87.217	8.38	5.44	7.30	5.62
Passage Island	MI	994090	48.217	−88.367	6.73	5.29	6.63	5.01
Devil’s Island	WI	994190	47.083	−90.733	6.07	4.90	6.38	4.19
Oklahoma City/Wiley	OK	723544	35.533	−97.65	5.40	5.43	6.02	5.01
Lubbock/Lubbock INT	TX	722670	33.666	−101.823	5.55	5.34	5.28	4.59
Pine Springs Guadalupe	TX	722620	31.831	−104.809	8.33	4.76	5.45	5.70
Great Bend Muni	KS	724517	38.35	−98.867	5.24	6.07	6.37	4.30
Grand Island County	NE	725520	40.961	−98.314	5.04	6.22	6.25	4.28
Mission FLD	MT	726798	45.698	−110.441	7.04	5.88	6.93	3.44
Minot Intl	ND	727676	48.255	−101.273	5.24	6.63	6.30	4.04
Broomfield/Jeffco	CO	724699	39.917	−105.117	4.88	5.84	6.72	4.40
Salt Lake City INTL	UT	725720	40.778	−111.969	3.91	5.12	4.89	3.64
Env. Buoy 46028	—	992380	35.74	−121.89	6.73	5.54	6.91	7.36
Lemoore NAS	CA	747020	36.333	−119.95	2.67	4.74	3.86	2.99
Miami	FL	722020	25.791	−80.316	3.91	4.89	4.91	3.68
Chesapeake	VA	994020	36.9	−75.717	7.35	5.38	8.43	5.53
Atlanta Hartsfield INTL AP	GA	722190	33.63	−84.442	3.91	4.08	4.49	3.61
Nashville/Metropoli	TN	723270	36.119	−86.689	3.39	4.22	4.15	3.30
Ambrose Light	NY	994100	40.45	−73.8	7.81	5.57	5.80	5.34
New York/La Guardia	NY	725030	40.779	−73.88	5.29	5.18	3.91	5.01
Isle of Shoals	NH	994270	42.967	−70.617	7.14	5.72	6.68	5.33
MT Desert Rock	ME	994060	43.967	−68.117	7.81	6.49	8.84	5.91
Env. Buoy 44005	—	992760	42.7	−68.3	6.68	7.79	8.95	6.79
Env. Buoy 44008	—	992790	40.5	−69.467	6.53	7.84	8.73	7.00
Env. Buoy 44013	—	992420	42.383	−70.783	6.12	5.92	6.50	5.21
Edisto	—	992730	32.5	−79.1	6.58	5.72	7.51	6.28
SE	—	—	—	—	0.29	0.16	0.27	0.22
SE for wind speeds >6 m/s	—	—	—	—	0.19	0.23	0.29	0.27
MAE	—	—	—	—	—	1.43	1.27	1.40
MAE for wind speeds >6 m/s	—	—	—	—	—	1.78	1.35	1.88