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| | Management modes and strategies | Inspiration |
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| Mississippi valley in the USA | It has a comprehensive management system operated by multisectors and organizations at multilevel, including the military institutions composed of representatives from federal government and state government and nongovernmental organizations.
The division of labor is clear-cut, avoiding confliction caused by duplication of work. A number of organizations at different levels to coordinate the interests of all parties concerned. | (i) Strengthening the legal system and establishing a series of watershed management regulations to constraint the behaviors from various stakeholders.
(ii) Managing the whole basin that relies on subbasin as the unit by sharing information and cooperating by various institutions.
(iii) Relying on the nonengineering measures, instead of engineering technology. |
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| Murray-Darling River basin in Australia | Developed organization systems, which included three levels: the first level is the Ministerial Council in the national level, which is the highest decision-making body. The second level is the executing agency from the Ministerial Council, including the river basin committee and its office. The third level is the community advisory committee, which is responsible for communication between the council and the community and emphasizes public participation in watershed management. | (i) Authority for watershed management should be established on consultation mechanism. The full participation in proposal making is the key. An effective organization system can guarantee the implementation of the protocol.
(ii) Introducing a new theory and method in the water distribution, separating the water right from the land right, and providing water for trading to formulate water market.
(iii) Making the watershed management process more scientific, democratic, transparent, and fair. |
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| Rhine River basin in the EU | This river applied international coordination and management mechanism early. Countries along the coastal signed agreements and regulations, as well as built different kinds of organization in the last centuries. The International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) was established in 1950 as the first intergovernmental body for protection against pollution in the Rhine and has made great success. ICPR set up supervision organizations and various professional groups and achieved remarkable success. | (i) Giving preference to prevention and source controlling and formulating detailed, standardized strict to regulate basin development.
(ii) Paying emphasis on real-time monitoring and evaluation of the watershed management measures.
(iii) Increasing storage capacity both in cities agriculture area to reduce water loss and soil erosion. Prohibiting development in riverbed.
(iv) Presenting new concept of river ecosystem management and paying attention to the river health function and social economic factors as well as the support from modern science and technology. |
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