Prediction of Moderate and Heavy Rainfall in New Zealand Using Data Assimilation and Ensemble
Table 1
Description of the 12 ensemble members used in this study.
Member names
Description
3Dvar
3D analysis of surface (including buoys; land synops; ship synops and scatterometer winds), aircraft and radiosondes, AMSU-A, and AMSU-B from the NOAA-15 and NOAA-16 satellites. Half resolution of the model for the analysis grid (0.22 degrees).
3Dcli
As 3Dvar but also analyse additional surface observations at climate stations in New Zealand.
3Dclim
As 3Dcli but also analyse surface marine observations.
3DclimB
As 3Dclim but uses satellite radiance bias corrections calculated from the 3dclim run.
3DclimC
As 3DclimB but with increased satellite-derived atmospheric motion vectors (AMV) usage through modified thinning.
4Dvar11
As 3Dvar but for 4Dvar with analysis grid resolution the same as the model (0.11 degrees).
4D11a
As 4dvar11 but exclude scales <50 km during analysis.
4D11b
As 4dvar11 but exclude scales <100 km during analysis.
4Dcli
As 4D11a but also analyse additional surface observations at climate stations in New Zealand.
4Dclim
As 4Dcli but also analyse surface marine observations.
4DclimB
As 4Dclim but uses satellite radiance bias corrections calculated from the 4dclim run.
4DclimC
As 4DclimB but with increased AMV usage through modified thinning.
