| Equation forms | References | | | | (mm/h) | Number observation | Location/altitude |
| Exponential function | Blanchard, 1953 [30] | 23.7 | 0.710 | 0.031 | 0–127 | 29 | Honolulu, Hawaii, USA/670–2250 m | Kinnell, 1981 [3] | 29.3 | 0.281 | 0.018 | 2–309 | 200 | Miami, Florida, USA/3 m | 29.2 | 0.894 | 0.048 | 19–229 | 50 | Rhodesia from Hudson [11]/1230 m | Rosewell, 1986 [24] | 29.0 | 0.596 | 0.040 | 1–146 | 13,438 | Gunnedah, Australia/305 m | 26.4 | 0.669 | 0.349 | 1–161 | 6,360 | Brisbane, Australia/25 m | Brown and Foster, 1987 [17] | 29.0 | 0.720 | 0.050 | 0–250 | 315 | MS, USA/180 m | McIsaac, 1990 [4] | 29.2 | 0.510 | 0.011 | 2–170 | 19,000 | Majuro, Marshall Islands/3 m | 28.8 | 0.450 | 0.033 | 1–194 | 18,021 | Pina Range/Fort Sherman, Panama/50 m |
Azevedo Coutinho and Pereira Tomás, 1995 [31] | 35.9 | 0.559 | 0.034 | 0–120 | 8190 | Mértola, Algarve, Portugal/21 m | Jayawardena and Rezaur, 2000 [32] | 36.8 | 0.691 | 0.038 | 0–150 | 18 | Hong Kong/50 m | Fornis et al., 2005 [28] | 30.8 | 0.550 | 0.031 | 0–142 | 5822 | Cetral, Cebu, Philippine/44 m | Lim et al., 2012 [33] | 24.3 | 0.730 | 0.130 | 0–142 | 1,841 | Chungcheong, South Korea/58 m | Lee and Won, 2013 [34] | 30.0 | 0.740 | 0.068 | 1–108 | 25,017 | Gangwon, South Korea/842 m |
| Logarithmic function | Wischmeier and Smith, 1958 [13] | 11.9 | 8.73 | | n.a | n.a | Washington, USA; from Laws and Parsons [2] | Onaga et al., 1988 [35] | 9.81 | 10.6 | | n.a | n.a | Okinawa, Japan | Zanchi and Torri, 1980 [36] | 9.81 | 11.25 | | 1–140 | n.a | Firenze, Central Italy/90 m | Kinnell, 1981 [3] | 17.1 | 5.23 | | 2–309 | 315 | Miami, Florida/3 m | 9.71 | 9.26 | | 19–227 | 200 | Rhodesia from Hudson [11]/1230 m | Brandt, 1990 [37] | 8.95 | 8.44 | | 0–105 | 92 | USA, DSD from Marshall and Palmer [18]/35 m | Fornis et al., 2005 [28] | 11.93 | 7.82 | | 0–142 | 5822 | Cetral, Cebu, Philippine/44 m | Lee and Won, 2013 [34] | 6.04 | 12.37 | | 1–108 | 25,017 | Gangwon, South Korea/842 m |
| Linear function | Hudson, 1965 [38] | 29.9 | 4.29 | | n.a | n.a | Zimbabwe | Kinnell, 1981 [3] | 30.1 | 5.48 | | 2–309 | 315 | Miami, Florida, USA/3 m | 29.9 | 4.29 | | 19–227 | 200 | Rhodesia from Hudson [11]/1230 m | Rosewell, 1986 [24] | 24.5 | 1.25 | | 1–146 | 13,438 | Gunnedah, Australia/305 m | 24.8 | 1.29 | | 1–161 | 6,360 | Brisbane, Australia/25 m | Sempere-Torres et al., 1992 [39] | 34.0 | 5.59 | | 20–100 | n.a | Cevennes, France |
Usón and Ramos, 2001 [40] | 23.4 | 0.77 | | 0–20 | n.a | North-East, Spain | Fornis et al., 2005 [28] | 29.0 | 2.47 | | 0–142 | 5822 |
Cetral, Cebu, Philippine/44 m |
| Power Law function |
Smith and de Veaux, 1992 [26] | 13.0 | 1.21 | | n.a | n.a | Oregon, USA | 11.0 | 1.23 | | n.a | n.a | Alaska, USA | 18.0 | 1.24 | | n.a | n.a | Arizona, USA | 11.0 | 1.17 | | n.a | n.a | New Jersey, USA | 10.0 | 1.18 | | 0–240 | n.a | North Carolina, USA | 11.0 | 1.14 | | n.a | n.a | Florida, USA | Uijlenhoet and Stricker, 1999 [29] | 7.20 | 1.32 | | 0–105 | 92 |
Based on Marshall and Palmer [18] parameterization/35 m | 8.53 | 1.29 | | 8.46 | 1.17 | | 8.89 | 1.28 | | 10.8 | 1.06 | | 7.74 | 1.35 | | Steiner and Smith, 2000 [41] | 11.0 | 1.25 | | n.a | n.a | Northern Mississippi, USA | Fornis et al., 2005 [28] | 12.1 | 1.19 | | 0–142 | 5822 | Cetral, Cebu, Philippine/44 m | Kim et al., 2010 [42] | 9.6 | 1.19 | | 0–38 | 423 | Gyeoggi, South Korea/115 m | Lim et al., 2012 [33] | 15.1 | 1.13 | | 0–142 | 1,841 | Chungcheong, South Korea/58 m |
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