Hydrochemical Denudation and Transient Carbon Dioxide Drawdown in the Highly Glacierized, Shrinking Koxkar Basin, China

Table 1

Differences in ion concentrations of different waters in the Koxkar basin (×10⁻⁶ mol⋅L⁻¹).

Item		Na^+			K^+			Mg^2+			Ca^2+
		Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min
Glacial ice	21	9.23	29.00	1.78	1.93	6.92	0.26	12.19	33.92	1.83	63.90	108.25	25.25
Precipitation	58	25.29	226.90	1.44	2.71	10.57	0.15	13.86	55.01	0.31	63.01	148.03	2.50
Groundwater	9	353.85	372.74	332.56	111.44	115.35	108.24	269.95	301.20	233.17	240.99	297.72	172.33
River water	96	139.00	403.20	27.51	50.27	121.87	11.04	76.64	170.33	10.19	210.33	436.50	72.44
Item		F^−			Cl^−
		Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min
Glacial ice	21	1.72	4.32	0.48	3.92	11.69	0.93	3.91	10.73	0.56	—	—	—
Precipitation	58	0.86	2.22	0.23	19.07	117.07	1.29	11.26	37.00	1.69	3.44	18.95	1.04
Groundwater	9	25.69	28.74	23.10	96.41	110.53	75.40	120.49	188.52	95.80	14.52	17.21	11.25
River water	96	15.80	26.89	4.32	34.48	61.55	6.19	80.08	146.71	11.44	9.24	16.50	16.50
Item					δ^18O			SpC			pH
		Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min	Mean	Max	Min
Glacial ice	21	149.89	284.55	54.82	−10.73	−9.63	−11.99	21.73	34.10	8.11	8.07	8.96	7.02
Precipitation	58	136.38	389.66	0.00	−9.97	−0.55	−18.75	30.16	151.80	6.33	6.88	8.12	6.31
Groundwater	9	1109.59	1290.12	903.10	−11.04	−10.36	−11.01	225.80	274.00	204.00	8.16	8.40	7.86
River water	96	543.53	1107.85	126.49	−10.50	−9.59	−11.38	177.98	284.00	110.00	8.13	8.70	7.55

⁽¹⁾ is the number of samples.