The Parameters Estimation for a PM_2.5 Transport Model with the Adjoint Method

Table 4

Error statistics of NPEs before and after assimilation.

Experiment		(µg/m^3)		(µg/m^3)		(µg/m^3)
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
NPE1	0.11399	46.47	13.41	52.63	26.16	53.06	23.57
NPE2	0.14117	46.47	14.22	52.63	25.90	53.06	53.06
NPE3	0.39897	46.47	27.38	52.63	35.58	53.06	30.03
NPE4	0.16400	46.47	15.88	52.63	26.39	53.06	47.60
NPE5	0.14558	46.47	15.24	52.63	25.95	53.06	29.46
NPE6	0.14179	46.47	15.20	52.63	31.07	53.06	25.92
NPE7	0.18743	46.47	16.59	52.63	31.92	53.06	53.06
NPE8	0.43091	46.47	28.32	52.63	37.98	53.06	23.74
NPE9	0.22616	46.47	19.41	52.63	33.24	53.06	37.10
NPE10	0.21780	46.47	19.17	52.63	33.33	53.06	30.51

is the final value of cost function and is the initial value of cost function. and are the MAEs between simulated values and observations in “assimilated cities” and “checked cities,” respectively. is the MAEs between the observations and simulated results in all the cities at the initial time.