The Influences of the Model Configuration on the Simulation of Stratospheric Northern-Hemisphere Polar Vortex in the CMIP5 Models

Figure 6

The 30-year climatology (left panel) and discrepancies between each ensemble (right panel) of the boreal winter (DJF) zonal-mean temperatures (shadings, unit: K) and zonal-mean zonal winds (contours, unit: m s⁻¹). (a) ERA40; (b) ensemble of the 7 CMIP5 models (with HT, NOG, HVer, and HHor); (c) ensemble of the other CMIP5 models; (d) the difference between (b) and (a); (e) the difference between (c) and (a); (f) the difference between (c) and (b). The contour intervals of the left and right panels are 5 m s⁻¹ and 1 m s⁻¹, respectively.