Formulations for Estimating Spatial Variations of Analysis Error Variance to Improve Multiscale and Multistep Variational Data Assimilation

Figure 4

(a) Deviation of from benchmark A in Figure 3 plotted by color contours every 0.5 m²s⁻². Deviations of , , and from benchmark A are plotted by color contours every 0.2 m²s⁻² in panels (b), (c), and (d), respectively. Here, is the previously estimated analysis error covariance matrix with its th element obtained from the spectral formulation, while , , and are the newly modified estimates of A as shown in (8a), (8b), and (8c), respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)