Research Article

Sensitivity of Precipitation and Structure of Typhoon Hato to Bulk and Explicit Spectral Bin Microphysics Schemes

Table 1

Domain averages within a 210 km radius of the center of Typhoon Hato and time averages before and after landfall of important variables in the four simulations.

Before landfallAfter landfall
LinWDM6MorrisonSBMLinWDM6MorrisonSBM

Ps (mm/hr)6.396.836.006.967.927.087.127.23
IWP (kg/m2)0.852.052.113.731.012.092.883.65
LWP (kg/m2)1.952.231.732.642.332.431.972.85
Convective (%)27.9338.5433.8146.333.1941.244.8754.67
Stratiform (%)22.6517.0823.4131.1618.9216.8718.3620.62
Mixed (%)28.4317.4520.8116.6228.0719.2117.0220.08
qc (kg/m2)0.50.360.430.10.560.390.450.1
qr (kg/m2)1.451.911.302.571.712.031.522.77
qi (kg/m2)0.090.160.140.080.080.150.160.07
qs (kg/m2)0.181.011.373.080.170.961.892.96
qg (kg/m2)0.590.910.600.620.750.990.820.66

Ps is the precipitation rate; convective, stratiform, and mixed are representative of the proportion of grids of each precipitation type to all precipitation grids; IWP and LWP are the ice water path and liquid water path, respectively; qr, qc, qi, qs, and qg are vertical integrations of rainwater, cloud water, cloud ice, snow, and graupel, respectively.