Climate Change Indicators and Spatiotemporal Shift in Monsoon Patterns in Pakistan

Table 3

Variability of monsoon rainfall from baseline (1980–2009).

Time	Rainfall-TRMM (mm/day)	Rainfall-PMD (mm/day)	Total rainfall in monsoon-PMD (mm/season)	Absolute change from baseline (mm/season)	Relative change (%)	value
Baseline (1980–2009)	3.30	3.44	448	—	—	—
2010	4.75	4.99	609	161	26.44	0.00
2011	3.62	3.55	433	−15	−3.46	0.31
2012	3.53	3.42	417	−31	−7.43	0.05
2013	4.76	4.53	553	105	18.99	0.00
2014	3.78	3.77	460	12	2.60	0.49
2015	3.69	4.02	491	43	8.75	0.01
2016	3.19	3.35	409	−39	−9.53	0.02
2017	3.03	3.25	397	−51	−11.38	0.002

One sample t-test was employed to check the significance of the variability of each year. The significant values (<0.05) are highlighted.