Research Article
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration on the Microphysical Processes in Typhoon Usagi
Table 1
The effects of C10, C1000, and CTL runs on different microphysical conversions (mm·h−1).
| Microphysical conversions | The meanings of the microphysical conversions | 1700–2100 UTC on 21 September | 1500–2000 UTC on 22 September | Trends | C10 | CTL | C1000 | C10 | CTL | C1000 |
| GACR | Graupel absorbs rain | 22.14 | 20.53 | 17.77 | 8.26 | 8.03 | 6.99 | ↓ | COND | Water vapor condenses into cloud water | 12.44 | 12.47 | 12.00 | 8.16 | 8.73 | 8.22 | — | RACW | Rainwater absorbs cloud water | 6.08 | 6.90 | 6.85 | 3.67 | 4.30 | 4.06 | — | GMLT | Graupel melts into rain | 5.17 | 4.96 | 4.58 | 2.82 | 2.96 | 2.72 | — | GACW | Graupel absorbs cloud water | 2.72 | 2.77 | 2.66 | 1.38 | 1.53 | 1.39 | — | GACS | Graupel absorbs snow | 1.79 | 1.73 | 1.74 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.10 | ↓ | IDEP | Cloud ice deposition | 1.70 | 1.68 | 1.57 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.05 | ↓ | REVP | Rainwater evaporates | 1.62 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 0.94 | 0.86 | 0.76 | ↓ | RAUT | Cloud water automatically converts to rain | 1.47 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.95 | 0.22 | 0.01 | ↓ | SACR | Snow absorbs rain | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.26 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.96 | — | SFI | Snow freezes cloud ice | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.30 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.86 | ↓ | CEVP | Cloud water evaporates into vapor | 1.26 | 1.43 | 1.44 | 1.21 | 1.53 | 1.60 | ↑ | GDEP | Graupel deposition | 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.28 | ↓ | ISUB | Cloud ice sublimation | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.23 | ↓ | GSUB | Graupel sublimation | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.05 | ↓ | SDEP | Snow deposition | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | ↓ | IACR | Cloud ice absorbs rain | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | ↓ | RACS | Rain absorbs snow | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ↓ | SACW | Snow absorbs cloud water | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | — | SACI | Snow absorbs cloud ice | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | — | SAUT | Cloud ice automatically converts to snow | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | — | SSUB | Snow sublimation | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | — | GMLTEVP | Evaporation of melted graupel | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | SFW | Cloud water converts to snow | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | SMLT | Snow melts into rain | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | IHOM | Cloud water homogeneously freezes into cloud ice | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | GACI | Graupel absorbs ice | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | GAUT | Snow automatically converts to graupel | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | GFR | Rain freezes into graupel | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | RACI | Rain absorbs cloud ice | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | IMLT | Cloud ice melts into cloud water | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | IDW | Cloud water sublimates into cloud ice | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | SMLTEVP | Evaporation of melting snow | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | — |
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