Research Article

A Comparative Study of CO2 Emission Forecasting in the Gulf Countries Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Artificial Neural Network, and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing Models

Table 2

Predicted value of CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) using the ARIMA (1,1,2) model and accuracy measures.

YearKSAUAEKWTBHRQATOMAN

201519.827422.03225.297923.070248.956415.2469
201620.213223.05725.019624.129851.640315.6726
201720.589823.13624.766524.031453.625516.0615
201820.958423.71824.533724.668355.116716.4249
201921.320124.03224.31724.838356.258516.7705
202021.675724.48924.113325.304857.153317.1038
202122.02624.8723.9225.58357.873517.4285
202222.371725.29123.73525.980858.470217.7472
202322.713525.69123.556726.302658.979618.0617
202423.051726.10223.383726.672659.427218.3734
202523.38726.50823.214927.012159.831218.683
MSE2.69729191.092336.733981166.53011983174.71898061.437520777
RMSE1.6423413.823616.060856472.55540991413.218130751.198966545