The Fabrication of Automobile Components by Applying  Electromagnetic Stirring in Semisolid Process

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="232640.fig.0030a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2011/232640/figures/232640.fig.0030a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Pouring <svg height="18.65" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.137497 18.65" width="65.137497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.4)"><path d="M457 488l-30 -3q-17 148 -131 148q-53 0 -84.5 -34.5t-31.5 -82.5q0 -42 25.5 -72t74.5 -62l33 -22q63 -42 95 -85t32 -102q0 -84 -67 -137t-163 -53q-58 0 -113 22t-70 43l-4 152l27 4q4 -32 15 -62.5t31 -59.5t53.5 -47t76.5 -18q56 0 92 35t36 96q0 39 -25 70t-78 68
l-31 22q-32 23 -53.5 41.5t-45 57t-23.5 77.5q0 82 58 132.5t156 50.5q46 0 101 -17l18.5 -6t17 -6t8.5 -3q-4 -55 0 -147z" id="x1D446"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,15.475)"><path d="M619 670q0 -13 -9 -26t-18 -19q-13 -10 -25 2q-36 38 -66 38q-31 0 -54.5 -50t-45.5 -185h120l-20 -31l-107 -12q-23 -138 -57 -293q-27 -122 -55 -184.5t-75 -109.5q-60 -61 -114 -61q-25 0 -47.5 15t-22.5 31q0 17 31 44q11 8 20 -1q10 -11 31 -19t35 -8q26 0 47 19
q34 34 71 253l54 315h-90l-3 12l31 30h70q28 138 90 204q35 37 75 57.5t70 20.5q26 0 45 -14t19 -28z" id="x1D453"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.2,11.4)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,35.904,11.4)"><path d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" id="x33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.063,11.4)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,52.223,11.4)"><path d="M594 629l-404 -661l-31 23l402 661zM194 635q70 0 107 -56t37 -125t-37.5 -125.5t-107.5 -56.5t-107 56.5t-37 124.5q0 70 37.5 126t107.5 56zM193 605q-28 0 -45 -29t-21.5 -59.5t-4.5 -62.5t4.5 -63t22 -60t45.5 -29q22 0 37.5 16t22 42t9 48t2.5 45q0 152 -72 152z
M567 351q69 0 106 -56t37 -125t-37 -125.5t-107 -56.5t-107.5 56.5t-37.5 124.5q0 43 14.5 83t49 69.5t82.5 29.5zM566 322q-28 0 -45 -28.5t-22 -59.5t-5 -64q0 -23 3 -46t10.5 -48.5t23 -41.5t36.5 -16q28 0 45 29.5t21 59.5t4 62q0 24 -2.5 46.5t-9.5 48.5t-22 42t-37 16
z" id="x25"></path></g>
</svg> (600°C)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="232640.fig.0030b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2011/232640/figures/232640.fig.0030b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Pouring <svg height="18.65" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.137497 18.65" width="65.137497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.4)"><path d="M457 488l-30 -3q-17 148 -131 148q-53 0 -84.5 -34.5t-31.5 -82.5q0 -42 25.5 -72t74.5 -62l33 -22q63 -42 95 -85t32 -102q0 -84 -67 -137t-163 -53q-58 0 -113 22t-70 43l-4 152l27 4q4 -32 15 -62.5t31 -59.5t53.5 -47t76.5 -18q56 0 92 35t36 96q0 39 -25 70t-78 68
l-31 22q-32 23 -53.5 41.5t-45 57t-23.5 77.5q0 82 58 132.5t156 50.5q46 0 101 -17l18.5 -6t17 -6t8.5 -3q-4 -55 0 -147z" id="x1D446"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,15.475)"><path d="M619 670q0 -13 -9 -26t-18 -19q-13 -10 -25 2q-36 38 -66 38q-31 0 -54.5 -50t-45.5 -185h120l-20 -31l-107 -12q-23 -138 -57 -293q-27 -122 -55 -184.5t-75 -109.5q-60 -61 -114 -61q-25 0 -47.5 15t-22.5 31q0 17 31 44q11 8 20 -1q10 -11 31 -19t35 -8q26 0 47 19
q34 34 71 253l54 315h-90l-3 12l31 30h70q28 138 90 204q35 37 75 57.5t70 20.5q26 0 45 -14t19 -28z" id="x1D453"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.2,11.4)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,35.904,11.4)"><path d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" id="x34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.063,11.4)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,52.223,11.4)"><path d="M594 629l-404 -661l-31 23l402 661zM194 635q70 0 107 -56t37 -125t-37.5 -125.5t-107.5 -56.5t-107 56.5t-37 124.5q0 70 37.5 126t107.5 56zM193 605q-28 0 -45 -29t-21.5 -59.5t-4.5 -62.5t4.5 -63t22 -60t45.5 -29q22 0 37.5 16t22 42t9 48t2.5 45q0 152 -72 152z
M567 351q69 0 106 -56t37 -125t-37 -125.5t-107 -56.5t-107.5 56.5t-37.5 124.5q0 43 14.5 83t49 69.5t82.5 29.5zM566 322q-28 0 -45 -28.5t-22 -59.5t-5 -64q0 -23 3 -46t10.5 -48.5t23 -41.5t36.5 -16q28 0 45 29.5t21 59.5t4 62q0 24 -2.5 46.5t-9.5 48.5t-22 42t-37 16
z" id="x25"></path></g>
</svg> (588°C)</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Result of indirect rheo-forging test of rheological materials.</table>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

fig30

Figure 30

Figure 30: The Fabrication of Automobile Components by Applying  Electromagnetic Stirring in Semisolid Process 