Modelling the Influence of Manufacturing Process Variables on Dimensional Changes of Porcelain Tiles

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left" rowspan="2">Factors</td><td align="center" colspan="4">Levels</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">4</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="15.4" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 15.4" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
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</svg> (%)</td><td align="center">3.11</td><td align="center">4.59</td><td align="center">5.67</td><td align="center">7.18</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="15.25" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.275 15.25" width="17.275" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.875,15.187)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g>
</svg> (MPa)</td><td align="center">16.61</td><td align="center">29.42</td><td align="center">39.23</td><td align="center">49.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><svg height="15.7" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.775 15.7" width="17.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.55)"><path d="M649 676l-22 -187l-33 -2q3 56 -12 94q-8 20 -31.5 26.5t-86.5 6.5h-74l-90 -491q-4 -23 -6 -36.5t1 -25t7 -16.5t18 -9t27 -5t41 -3l-6 -28h-286l4 28q68 5 84 18.5t28 76.5l94 491h-55q-74 0 -100.5 -6t-41.5 -23q-24 -29 -54 -98l-32 1q32 98 53 188h22q7 -18 15 -22
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,11.388,15.637)"><path d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" id="x34"></path></g>
</svg> (°C)</td><td align="center">1150</td><td align="center">1176</td><td align="center">1200</td><td align="center">1220</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Factor levels of processing parameters: powder moisture (<svg height="15.4" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 15.4" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>), compaction pressure (<svg height="15.25" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.275 15.25" width="17.275" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>), and firing temperature (<svg height="15.7" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.775 15.7" width="17.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.55)"><path d="M649 676l-22 -187l-33 -2q3 56 -12 94q-8 20 -31.5 26.5t-86.5 6.5h-74l-90 -491q-4 -23 -6 -36.5t1 -25t7 -16.5t18 -9t27 -5t41 -3l-6 -28h-286l4 28q68 5 84 18.5t28 76.5l94 491h-55q-74 0 -100.5 -6t-41.5 -23q-24 -29 -54 -98l-32 1q32 98 53 188h22q7 -18 15 -22
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</svg>).

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: Modelling the Influence of Manufacturing Process Variables on Dimensional Changes of Porcelain Tiles 