Biochar Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorptive Capacity and Its Effect on Bioavailability of Contaminants: An Overview

Table 1

Biomass feedstock products of different types of pyrolysis.

Process	Liquid (biooil); (%)	Solid (BC); (%)	Gas (syngas); (%)
Fast pyrolysis: moderate temperature (600°C), short hot vapour residence time	75	12	13
Intermediate pyrolysis: low moderate temperature, moderate hot vapour residence time	50	25	25
Slow pyrolysis: low moderate temperature, long residence time	30	35	35
Gasification: high temperature (>700°C), long vapour residence time	5	10	85
Hydrothermal carbonization: elevated temperature (200–250°C) and elevated pressure.	NRA	NRA	NRA
Flash carbonization: (350–650°C), residence time below 30 minutes, at elevated pressure (1–3 MPa)	NRA	50	50

NAR = not readily available.