Freeze-Thaw Performance and Moisture-Induced Damage Resistance of Base Course Stabilized with Slow Setting Bitumen Emulsion-Portland Cement Additives

Table 3

Properties of bitumen emulsion.

Test on emulsions	Requirements	Test result	Test method
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol at 25°C	20–100	20.9	ASTM D 2397
Storage stability test, 24 h, %	1	0.22	ASTM D 2397
Particle charge test	Positive	Positive	ASTM D 2397
Sieve test, %	0.1 max	0.0	ASTM D 2397
Cement mixing test, %	2 max	0.23	ASTM D 2397
Oil distillate, by volume of emulsion, %	3 max	1.5	ASTM D 2397
Residue from distillation, %	57 min	61.75	ASTM D 2397
Penetration, 25°C, 100 g, 5 s, 0.1 mm	100–250	109.2	ASTM D 2397
Solubility in trichloroethylene, %	97.5 min	99.8	ASTM D 2397
Water content	NA	58.3	ASTM D 2397