[Retracted] Case Study of Carbon Emissions from a Building’s Life Cycle Based on BIM and Ecotect

Table 5

CO₂ emission factors for different construction processes.

Construction process	Unit	Diesel consumption (kg)	Gasoline consumption (kg)	Emissions factor (kg/unit)
Excavation and earth removal		0.270	0.018	1.05
In situ earthwork		0.030	0	0.11
Earth filling, rolling, and smoothing		0.250	0.022	0.99
Horizontal transportation	t·km	0.052	0	0.19