Long Bubble Penetration through Viscoelastic Fluids in a Suddenly Contracting and Expanding Tube

Table 1

Parameters of the Carreau-Yasuda viscosity model for the studied solutions.

Solution	(°C)	(Pa·s)	(Pa·s)	(s)			(s^−1)	Average error (%)
1.5% CMC	25	2.895	0.0719	0.2999	0.8695	0.4199	0.1–3000	3.50
0.5% CMC	25	0.232	0.0183	0.0002	0.1908	0.1404	0.1–3000	0.79
1.5% PAA	25	31.530	0.0476	7.709	75.651	0.2149	0.1–1000	1.49
0.5% PAA	25	3.902	0.0153	6.5964	8.2142	0.3479	0.1–1000	1.52
0.5% PAS	25	19.410	0.0532	5.9270	7.5677	0.2550	0.1–1000	5.46
0.5% PAS	25	2.150	0.0249	4.7794	5.1828	0.1332	0.1–1000	1.03