Olive Stone Ash as Secondary Raw Material for Fired Clay Bricks

Table 4

USEPA TCLP test results (ppm) and the maximum concentration of contaminants for toxicity characteristics of fired clay and fired clay-OSA bricks.

Component (ppm)	C	C-10OSA	C-20OSA	C-30OSA	USEPA regulated TCLP limits (ppm)
As	0.027	0.061	0.028	0.015	5
Ba	0.204	0.225	0.558	0.188	100
Cd	0.0003	0.00020	0.00012	0.00008	1
Co	0.010	0.0084	0.0013	0.0010	—
Cr	0.554	0.297	0.282	0.234	5
Cu	0.296	0.467	0.986	0.330	5
Ni	0.047	0.070	0.012	0.0004	—
Pb	0.0009	0.00043	0.087	0.00019	5
Sb	0.0010	0.0036	0.0098	0.0057	—
Se	0.013	0.018	0.0031	0.0032	1
Sn	0.00014	0.00018	0.00016	0.00012	—
V	0.161	0.351	0.200	0.115	—
Hg	0.00004	0.00009	0.00011	0.00009	0.2
Zn	0.058	0.012	0.005	0.006	300