Properties of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue Modified Asphalt Mixture

Table 3

Properties of the asphalt binders (SHRP PG system).

Stages	Temperature/°C	SK-90 asphalt binder	SBS modified asphalt binder	DCLR modified binder	DCLR-composite modified asphalt binder	Superpave spec.
Unaged (/ (kPa))	58	2.18	8.46	6.56	37.31	≥1.1
	64	0.96	6.10	2.75	20.24
	70	—	2.98	1.2	11.09
	76	—	1.23	0.61	6.39
	82	—	0.84	—	3.86
	88	—	—	—	0.66
RTFO (/ (kPa))	58	4.62	17.19	21.670	49.44	≥2.2
	64	1.97	9.29	8.862	27.13
	70	—	4.74	3.821	15.82
	76	—	2.5	1.73	7.54
	82	—	1.35	—	4.54
	88	—	—	—	2.09
PAV ( (kPa))	25	1958	2274	4658	2863	≤5000
	22	3014	3826	6266	3920
	19	4555	5215	—	5516
	16	6681	—	—	—
PAV (stiffness (MPa))	−6	82.63	95.45	86.083	39.65	≤300
	−12	184.03	198.65	220.91	81.52
	−18	306.23	211.32	325.20	164.39
	−24	—	316.49	—	300.21
PAV (-value)	−6	0.34	0.34	0.33	0.42	≥0.3
	−12	0.32	0.31	0.27	0.34
	−18	0.29	0.30	—	0.30
	−24	—	0.28	—	0.29
PG		58-22	76-22	70-16	82-28

Note: : complex shear modulus; : phase angle; : rutting factor; : fatigue factor; RTFO: Rolling Thin Film Oven; PAV: Pressure Aging Vessel; and PG: Performance Grade.