Effects of Flotage on Immersion Indentation Results of Bone Tissue: An Investigation by Finite Element Analysis

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left"> </td><td class="align_center">Berkovich indenter </td><td class="align_center">Cubic indenter</td><td class="align_center">Spherical indenter</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 13.7287ptpx;"><svg height="11.9629pt" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-3.2226pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7403 13.7287 11.9629" width="13.7287pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M687 0V35C623 43 611 56 577 144C512 316 450 490 386 665L335 652L130 138C97 54 84 43 18 35V0H242V35C169 44 166 58 181 106C193 146 206 182 217 213H409C424 173 439 130 449 100C465 56 460 44 401 35V0H687ZM390 266H234C260 337 285 410 313 483H316L390 266Z" id="g13-63"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.178,3.132)"><path d="M403 124C367 92 337 83 296 83S159 125 159 257C159 361 204 400 244 400C270 400 301 385 344 348C352 341 359 337 366 337C384 337 410 365 410 395C411 410 407 422 392 433C375 446 343 457 305 457H304C266 457 199 443 133 395C69 348 30 277 30 202C30 92 112 -12 250 -12C311 -12 378 30 425 96L403 124Z" id="g22-97"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">24.56<svg height="15.137pt" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.8459 15.9662 15.137" width="15.9662pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 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id="g50-100"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.993,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z" id="g117-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,55.53,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 372 387C390 387 393 369 380 311L328 86C313 19 319 -12 347 -12C379 -12 442 24 499 88Z" id="g113-105"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,62.173,3.132)"><path d="M387 400C387 425 348 451 303 451C247 451 176 414 132 376C69 322 24 228 24 148C24 43 74 -12 147 -12C211 -12 301 33 363 103L346 128C319 99 249 51 193 51C148 51 112 84 112 165C112 230 130 287 154 330C170 359 199 400 243 400C277 400 304 383 326 354C333 345 343 343 354 348C378 360 387 382 387 400Z" id="g50-100"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,66.45,-5.996)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,71.396,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path></g></svg></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 8.16375ptpx;"><svg height="9.29901pt" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-3.23371pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.0653 8.16375 9.29901" width="8.16375pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M597 269C597 379 539 454 450 454C393 454 308 403 280 289C261 213 246 148 228 56C194 66 156 110 156 189C156 317 220 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528 386 563 442ZM318 186C290 133 235 76 202 76C175 76 154 108 154 184C154 275 198 406 247 406C288 406 313 294 318 186Z" id="g5-223"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"> 65.3°</td><td class="align_center">35.2644°</td><td class="align_center"> </td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Geometric parameters of different indenters.

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Effects of Flotage on Immersion Indentation Results of Bone Tissue: An Investigation by Finite Element Analysis 