Optimising the Performance of Cement-Based Batteries

Table 2

Details of cement battery materials.

Element	Material	Details
Electrolyte	Carbon black	Porous carbon agglomerates; average size 30 nm
	Cement	CEM I complying with BS EN 197-1, 2000 [16]
	Water reducer	Sika VistoCrete 30HE
	Salts (NaCl, Alum & Epsom salt)	Over 99% purity for all
	Sand and lightweight aggregate	Sand 0.4 mm, expanded clay aggregate 15 mm
	Sodium silicate	Density of 1.38 g/cm^3 (40 Be) and a pH of 11.3
Anode	Zinc plates	>99% purity
	Aluminium plates	>99% purity
	Magnesium alloy plates	96% purity (3% aluminium & 1% zinc)
Cathode	Copper plate	99.5% purity, 0.4 mm thick
	Carbon	Graphite rod