A Review on Melt-Pool Characteristics in Laser Welding of Metals

Table 2

Optimum laser welding parameters for a selection of metals and alloys.

Metal/alloy	Parameter
	Laser power (kW)	Welding speed (m·min^−1)	Focal position (relative to the surface) (mm)	Shielding gas
Mg alloy, WE43 [11]	2	2	0 or −1	Helium
Mg alloy, AZ91 [11]	2	3	0	Helium
Several Mg alloys [49]	1.5^a	2.5–3^a	−2	Helium
	2–2.5^b	1-2^b
Ti-6Al-4V alloy [50]	NS	0.8	NS	Helium
Stainless steel 304L [30]	4	3	0.2	Helium
Stainless steel 347 [30]	5	2	0.4	Helium
Stainless steel 304 [33]	1.25	0.75	NS	NS
Galvanized steel [34]	1.3	1	NS	Argon
Inconel 625 [39]	1.5	2	NS	NS
Zn and Sn [51]	1.6	1.5	5	NS
Stainless steel 440 and 416 [35]	Any combination of parameters that produces energy density in the range of 20.8 to 27.7 J·mm^−2

NS: not stated in the report; ^afor thinner plates (2.5 mm and 3.0 mm); ^bfor thicker plates (5.0 mm and 8.0 mm).