Numerical Investigations on Residual Stress in Laser Penetration Welding Process of Ultrafine-Grained Steel

Table 3

Input data for the FEA model.

Input data	Welding plate	Clamp	Support plate
Element size	Weld bead: 0.5 mm; base metal: 1.5 mm	2.5 mm	3 mm
Clamping force (kN)	0.3	0.3	0.3
Heat exchange coefficient	Air heat exchange coefficient: 20 W/(m^2·K); weldment heat exchange coefficient: 1000W/(m^2·K)