Microstructural and Electrical Properties of Sn-Modified BaTiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics by Two-Step Sintering Method
Table 1
The bulk density, εr, and tanδ at room temperature (RT), εr,max and tanδ,max at Curie temperature (TC), and TC at 1 kHz, grain size, and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of the BTS samples.
Sintering conditions T1/t1/1000/6
Bulk density (g/cm3)
εr,RT
tanδ,RT
εr,max
tanδ,max
TC (°C)
Grain size (μm)
d33 (pC/N)
T1 (°C)
t1 (min)
1400
0
4.86 ± 0.02
15
5.60 ± 0.05
4085
0.0291
9729
0.0126
41
1.4 ± 0.4
35
30
5.82 ± 0.05
4301
0.0776
16730
0.0248
44
43.2 ± 4.6
47
1500
0
5.88 ± 0.03
4091
0.0766
19832
0.0208
42
20.1 ± 3.4
260
15
5.90 ± 0.01
4385
0.0272
18601
0.0203
48
30.1 ± 6.0
490
30
5.85 ± 0.02
3564
0.0738
17950
0.0127
47
47.8 ± 7.9
301
Ceramic sample could not be achieved by sintering under conditions of 1400/0/1000/6.
