Optimization Analysis of Deformation of Underlying Tunnel in Dewatering and Excavation of Phreatic Aquifer

<div>Deformation contour of pipe piece at <i>Y</i> = 55 (m). (a) Front view of pipe piece deformation at <i>Y</i> = 55 m. (b) Side view of pipe piece deformation at <i>Y</i> = 55 m.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 18

Figure 18: Optimization Analysis of Deformation of Underlying Tunnel in Dewatering and Excavation of Phreatic Aquifer 