A Coupling Electromechanical Inhomogeneous Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams

<div>Variations of displacement <i>u</i><sub>3</sub> and electrical potential <i>φ</i> at the loading point with time of the FGPM beam based on PZT-4 when the gradient parameter was <i>n</i> = −5, 0 and 5 under step load. (a) Displacement. (b) Electrical potential.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 12

Figure 12: A Coupling Electromechanical Inhomogeneous Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams 

Figure 12 | A Coupling Electromechanical Inhomogeneous Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams 