Research Article
Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Water-Blow Polyurethane Foam
Table 2
Flammability of SPUF containing various concentrations of flame retardants.
| | Samples | EG (wt.%) | APP (wt.%) | Ratio of EG/APP | LOI (%) | UL-94 HBF | Combustion rate (mm/min)/self-extinguish time (s) |
| | SPUF | 0 | 0 | — | 18.9 | — | 49.01 mm/min | | EG/SPUF | 20 | 0 | — | 27.7 | HF-1 | 14.825 s | | APP/SPUF | 0 | 20 | — | 24.5 | HF-1 | 27.25 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-1 | 3.33 | 16.67 | 1 : 5 | 25.3 | HF-1 | 15.80 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-2 | 4 | 16 | 1 : 4 | 27.7 | HF-1 | 12.98 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-3 | 5 | 15 | 1 : 3 | 27.6 | HF-1 | 12.42 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-4 | 6.67 | 13.33 | 1 : 2 | 27.8 | HF-1 | 11.42 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-5 | 8 | 12 | 2 : 3 | 27.2 | HF-1 | 11.26 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-6 | 10 | 10 | 1 : 1 | 27.4 | HF-1 | 11.02 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-7 | 12 | 8 | 3 : 2 | 28.1 | HF-1 | 10.79 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-8 | 13.33 | 6.67 | 2 : 1 | 28.5 | HF-1 | 10.00 s | | EG/APP/SPUF-9 | 15 | 5 | 3 : 1 | 28.3 | HF-1 | Non-ignitable | | EG/APP/SPUF-10 | 16 | 4 | 4 : 1 | 28.2 | HF-1 | Non-ignitable | | EG/APP/SPUF-11 | 16.67 | 3.33 | 5 : 1 | 28.6 | HF-1 | Non-ignitable |
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